Slavery that had been part of African for over 2,000 years transformed
several times and impacted the people of Africa and those thought the world. It
plays a factor in the impact Africa had on outside continents. Slavery changed
from when it started in African to when it was abolished in the New World, so the
nature of Slavery would depend on the period in timeframe that you looked at in
African History.
Slavery had existed in Africa before it came
to the New World. To relate it to our studies, Baqt was unique to the Muslim
world because it recognized that Christian Nubia was sovereign and exempt from
the land of faith and land of the enemy. The Baqt bought peace and stability to
the Christian Kingdoms of Nubia. But, it came with a price. Each year, Nubia
was to deliver 360 slaves, men or women no children or old to the Baqt. This ended, due to Islam and the Nile River
limited access affected the contract.
Slaves
had been exported from East Africa for 2,000 years. Slaves were part of trade;
considered merchandise to be traded for money or to satisfy debts owed or
Labor. Salt production was in the Sudan,
and was managed by the demand of Salt consumption. Slavery was a natural part
of agriculture, iron, trade, religion, and ethnicity. Kings controlled the sale of slaves, as he
did ivory and gold.
Slavery
took flight to new heights when the Indian and Atlantic Ocean worlds evolved by
the nature of the oceanic trade into city-states not smaller patches of
land. Trade and Commerce kept the
lifestyle of these city-states inhabitants being a dominated form of life;
being supplied goods and slaves; left profits. Swahili Society was a big producer
to support the ocean trading of slaves.
Swahili’s
had profited hugely by slave trading. They had a system. Slaves shipped
overseas were treated as chattel and thought of use like animals. Slaves kept
on the coast, were divided into recognized categories of servitude from labors
to trusted retainer. Females were used
as concubines, field hands, and domestic use for owners. Former Slaves could never become full members
of society.
In
Africa, you had slave owners and slaves mostly were black, even though they
were from different ethnic groups. They were thought of as means to enhance the
status of the slave owner. Many African societies believed and practiced those
children of slave owners by their slaves could not be sold or killed. The
outlawing of slavery did not erase the pain and stigma of having been a slave
due to society viewing them as not being a full part of that society. Many
descendants of slaves were affected by this stigma for generations after
slavery was abolished.
Since
slaves were property of their masters they were the means to production and
reproduction. The slaves had to carry out any request of their master no matter
the demand or be punished in dehumanizing ways if necessary. The tasks that
slaves performed really depended on what the slave owner needed. They
controlled reproduction, physical and mental aspects of the salves lives.
African slave women could be used for sex and
could bear children they had a higher price than males. Women of course were
more desirable than men; men slave owners had more use for them. They were able
to perform more functions such as cook, cultivate, bear children, provide sex,
and carry our business. Another sought after person that was most desired to be
a slave more than women was a man that had his genitals removes. The survival
rate after the removal was only 5% post-surgery, they could manage the house in
the same manner his master did, but the man didn’t have to worry about the
slave using himself as means to reproduce, and seduce or other means with women
in the man’s house.
Slaves
in Africa were captives often criminals, kidnapped, prisoners of war, or sold
into slavery. In Africa, when you had slave owners and slaves mostly were
black, even though they were from different ethnic groups. They were thought of
as means to enhance the status of the slave owner. The status of the slave
owner was shown by the size of their group. So the larger your group of
followers determined power, wealth, and position in society. Women were prefer
to men by 2:1. Women worked as the primary field producer working in the
fields; also they could tend to domestic affairs within the household
especially providing children.
The
Swahili would divide up slaves into different classes. Exported slaves that
were to be shipped where treated like animals, and this carried over to the New
World, affecting how the New World citizens viewed, treated, and acted toward
slaves. Slaves that were kept on the
coast were divided into subgroups. The slave could be recognized by their category
depending on what activity they performed, the range was from lowest labor to
trusted retainer. Females were mainly
used as field hands and concubines for their owner. But, a slave could never be
a full member of society and when you died you were discarded in the same
manner as an animal status by being thrown into a pit.
In
the New World, Slavery was different. It was racial and for economic gain. Slaves were considered property but not
similar to that of Africa; dehumanization and cruel treatment was different
than slavery in Africa. The furthered dehumanizing effects of chattel slavery
made people view Africans slaves less than a complete person. Also, it allowed
slaveholders more influence in Congress while still alienating black people
throughout the United States.
The
focus was men due to the labor that men provided, but usually they focused on
boys about to turn into men because they could be bought cheaper. This was due
to the intensive labor requirements of the people that provided the labor
needed to harvest sugar cane. Then, when cotton became a staple good with high
demand it pushed the slave demand higher due to how difficult cotton was to
process before the cotton gin.
Slavery
is when someone owns you, and you have no control over your own life. While
African Slavery was not pleasant, it was neither a racial nor an economic
institution. The main focus of slavery
was to increase the size of the group like family, clan, village, kingdom or
empire. This is why women were favored over men. A slave women’s child was not
always considered a slave in every situation. Children could be considered not
a slave but part of the group in which their parents where bought into to, also
children stayed with their parent and weren’t separated or sold. Slavery in
Africa was not based on economics, so their treatment tended to be superior.
Slavery
had existed for over 2,000 years and was fairly insignificant in Africa. When
the trade routes in the 1400 did include slaves, it was nowhere near the amount
that took place in the 1700s. Even in the 1500s, slavery was still a small part
of society, but when the demand for slaves by Europeans raised so did slavery
in Africa supply this new big industry. My personal opinion is that when we
looked at the way the Swahili’s had profited hugely by slave trading and there
system of how they treated Slaves by shipping them overseas as they are
chattel; I think this carried over into the New World and started the first
treatments of Slavery in dividing people by color of skin.
Chattel
is Property; Personal property, movable or immovable, which is less than a
freehold; for example, a book, a coat, a pencil, growing corn, a lease. But,
the New World took it as a form as not a book or coat but animals; In fact,
animals were treated better than slaves. America, slaves were not treated
equal. Unlike Africa, children and old could be sold, murdered or dehumanized
in various forms of cruelty. They didn’t have the rights to marry and faced
separation from family. They had no rights as a citizen or could move to obtain
that status after rights were revoked in Jameson; stating that after 7 years
slaves would be considered free.
In
the New World, slavery was an economic and racial institution. The main focus
of slave ownership was due to strength and the ability to do heavy intense
labor. The slave labor in the New World was crucial to the economic life of
that on the colonies. The treatment of Slaves transformed Africans practices of
slavery. Slavery in Africa became a more central, organizational component of
African life. Also, slave-owners derived financial profits from the labor of
one’s slaves. When working on plantations, slaves would be worked until they
died to make sure the maximized the amount of profit they could acquire from
the slave’s work, especially in plantations that produced sugar or cotton.
Slavery
was also racial, in the means that your identity was paced on your skin color.
Solely based on the color of your skin meant whether or not you were a free man
or a slave and your children were not counted on to increase the size of your
group or not considered a slave like in Africa, but also, were a slave. Slavery
not just decided your fate, but your children’s too. Your children’s identity
would be carried down through generations and be judged based on the color of
their skin. Children in the New World were also separated from their parents,
and couple from each other to be sold for a profit.
Unlike
in Africa, the focus of slavery was due to the strength and ability to do
intense labor. Slaves had no rights, and where subjected to dehumanization by
being beaten or whipped by their masters.
The slave labor in the New World was crucial to the economic life of
that on the colonies. The treatment of Slaves in the New World transformed
Africans practices of slavery. Slavery in Africa became a more central,
organizational component of African life. My personal opinion is that when we
looked at the way the Swahili’s had profited hugely by slave trading and there
system of how they treated Slaves shipped overseas as chattel; I think this
carried over into the New World and started the first treatments of Slavery in
dividing people by color of skin.
Slavery
impacted the lives of Africans due to the large number in size of the people
that got caught up in the Asian Slave trade. Some historians believe that there
were approximately 12,580,000 slaves exported during the Asia slave trade.
Between 1600 and 1900 alone there was an estimated 5,510,000 slaves involved in
the Asian slave trade. Until the seventeenth century, the evidence of the
number of slaves is derived mainly from literary sources, and maximum and
minimum numbers must be estimated because there was hardly any direct data.
What
happened next in the history of African that impacted the people there started
the chain of events the led to the European nations seeking conquest and
colonization over the African people. Due to religion and it influence over
people started the humanitarian movement. Humanitarians like Dr. David
Livingstone pushed with others, toward the abolition movement and change
African life and culture. Abolition has historical roots that lay all the way
back in black resistance to slavery in the 15th century as Africans were
enslaved by Europeans.